3
, . , Linux , .
Linux . , . .
tr
tr (translate) . , , tr, :
$ echo Hello There | tr [:lower:] [:upper:] HELLO THERE
, , , , :
#!/bin/bash echo -n "Enter department name: " read dept echo $dept | tr [:lower:] [:upper:] >> depts.
[: upper:] [: lower:] :
echo $dept | tr [:upper:] [:lower:] >> depts.
, A-Z a-z:
echo $dept | tr a-z A-Z >> depts.
awk
awk , tr. toupper tolower. , , :
echo $dept | awk '{print toupper($0)}' >> depts.
:
echo $dept | awk '{print tolower($0)}' >> depts.
sed
sed (stream editor) . , , .
echo $dept | sed 's/[a-z]/\U&/g' >> depts.
U L.
echo $dept | sed 's/[A-Z]/\L&/g' >> depts.
Awk sed . :
$ awk '{print tolower($0)}' depts
finance
billing
bookkeeping
, , :
$ awk '{print tolower($0)}' depts > depts-
$ mv depts- depts
, sed, awk, sed , , , :
$ sed 's/[A-Z]/\L&/g' depts.
.
, :
$ echo design \& engineering| sed -e "s/\b\(.\)/\u\1/g" Design & Engineering
, .
