(control plane), - (control plane), (loop-free) , .

, .
1984 , , . , , (control plane) , loop-free , , . , , .
, Type Length Vector (TLV) (control plane), , - 2 / , chatty control plane, .
. , .
loop-free . :
- Distance Vector protocols ( ), hop by hop .
- Link State protocols ( ), , .
- Path Vector protocols ( ), hop by hop .
, , . , , , . , , - , , (control plane) . - , .
QoS .