Êàê ñìåíèòü mac – àäðåñ â Linux

Óñàæèâàéòåñü íà êóøåòêó ïîóäîáíåå. Çà÷åì, â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü, âû õîòèòå ñìåíèòü mac – àäðåñ ó âàøåãî ñåðâåðà íà áàçå Linux? Ìîæåò õîòèòå áëî÷èòü åãî íà ôàåðâîëå, èëè ïîïðîáîâàòü ñîâåðøèòü «ìàãèþ» ñ ëèöåíçèÿìè, êîòîðûå ïðèâÿçàíû ê ìàêó?

 öåëîì, äåëî âàøå. Ìû ïîêàæåì ñïîñîá, êàê ýòî ñäåëàòü. Äàâàéòå ïî øàãàì.

Íàõîäèì òåêóùèé mac – àäðåñ ñåòåâîãî èíòåðôåéñà

Ñíà÷àëà äàâàéòå ïîñìîòðèì íà òåêóùèé mac âàøåãî ñåðâåðà. Ñäåëàòü ýòî ìîæíî êîìàíäîé:

ip link show

Âûâîä ñåðâåðà áóäåò ïðèìåðíî òàêèì. Îí áóäåò ñîäåðæàòü ïàðàìåòðû (mac - àäðåñà âñåõ âàøèõ èíòåðôåéñîâ):

1: lo:  mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eno1:  mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 45:c6:f6:a7:12:30 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: enp0s12e2:  mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DORMANT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 33:23:f8:8b:d7:65 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

Êàê ìû âèäèì, íàïðèìåð, ó èíòåðôåéñà enp0s12e2 òåêóùèé mac – àäðåñ ýòî 33:23:f8:8b:d7:65 . Äàâàéòå ïîìåíÿåì åãî.

Ìåíÿåì MAC ñ ïîìîùüþ Macchanger. Óñòàíîâêà

Macchanger - ýòî íó î÷åíü ïðîñòàÿ óòèëèòà, ÷òîáû ñìîòðåòü, ìåíÿòü è óïðàâëÿòü MAC – àäðåñàìè íà âàøèõ ñåòåâûõ èíòåðôåéñàõ. Îíà äîñòóïíà íà ïî÷òè âñåõ Linux – ïîäîáíûõ ñèñòåìàõ.

Íàïðèìåð, ÷òîáû óñòàíîâèòü Macchanger íà Fedora, CentOS èëè RHEL èñïîëüçóéòå êîìàíäó:/p>

sudo dnf install macchanger

À åñëè ó âàñ Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint èëè äàæå Kali Linux, òî óñòàíîâèòü åå ìîæíî âîò òàê:

sudo apt install macchanger

Êàê èñïîëüçîâàòü Macchanger

Ïîìíèòå èìÿ èíòåðôåéñà, êîòîðîå ìû îáñóäèëè ÷óòü ðàíüøå? Àãà, ìû ïðî enp0s12e2

Íàïðèìåð, ÷òîáû ïðèñâîèòü ýòîìó èíòåðôåéñó ðàíäîìíûé mac, èñïîëüçóéòå êîìàíäó:

sudo macchanger -r enp0s12e2

Ïîñëå ñìåíû, ïðîâåðüòå, ÷òî ìàê – àäðåñ ïîìåíÿëñÿ êîìàíäîé:

ip addr

Îí ñòàë äðóãèì, íå òàê ëè? Òåïåðü, ÷òîáû ïðèñâîèòü êîíêðåòíûé (íóæíûé âàì) ìàê èíòåðôåéñó, ïðèìåíèòå êîìàíäó:

macchanger --mac=XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX

Ãäå, êàê íå ñëîæíî äîãàäàòüñÿ, XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX - mac, êîòîðûé âàì íóæåí. Êñòàòè, åñëè âû ïîíÿëè, ÷òî ñäåëàëè ÷òî-òî íå òî, òî âåðíóòü mac – àäðåñ óñòðîéñòâà ê åãî èçíà÷àëüíîìó çíà÷åíèþ ìîæíî âîò òàê:

macchanger -p enp0s12e2

Ìåíÿåì MAC ñ ïîìîùüþ iproute

Äåëàòü ýòî ÷åðåç macchanger, ÷åñòíî ãîâîðÿ, ïðàâèëüíåå. Îäíàêî, åñëè íå ïîëó÷èëîñü/íå õîòèòå, òî ìîæíî ïîñòóïèòü âîò òàê. Ïåðâîå, âûêëþ÷àåì èíòåðôåéñ:

sudo ip link set dev enp0s12e2 down

Äàëåå, ïðèñâàèâàåì íîâûé mac âûêëþ÷åííîìó èíòåðôåéñó:

sudo ip link set dev enp0s12e2 address XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX

Íå çàáûâàåì âêëþ÷èòü èíòåðôåéñ îáðàòíî:

sudo ip link set dev enp0s12e2 up 

Ñìîòðèì ñòàòóñ:

ip link show enp0s12e2

Èòîãè

 ñòàòüå ìû îáñóäèëè äâà ñïîñîáà ñìåíû àäðåñà: ÷åðåç óòèëèòó macchanger è âñòðîåííóþ êîìàíäó ip. Ìû ðåêîìåíäóåì èñïîëüçîâàòü macchanger, êàê áîëåå íàäåæíûé ñïîñîá. Îäíàêî, ðåøàòü âàì.