Linux
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CentOS/RHEL /var/log/messages
, Ubuntu/Debian - /var/log/syslog
. tail
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, , root
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, :
sudo grep -iv ': starting\|kernel: .*: Power Button\|watching system buttons\|Stopped Cleaning Up\|Started Crash recovery kernel' \ /var/log/messages /var/log/syslog /var/log/apcupsd* \ | grep -iw 'recover[a-z]*\|power[a-z]*\|shut[a-z ]*down\|rsyslogd\|ups'
. , , .
auditd
, auditd
ausearch
. .
$ sudo ausearch -i -m system_boot,system_shutdown | tail -4
. SYSTEM_SHUTDOWN
, SYSTEM_BOOT
, . , SYSTEM_BOOT
SYSTEM_BOOT
, , , . :
$ sudo ausearch -i -m system_boot,system_shutdown | tail -4 ---- type=SYSTEM_SHUTDOWN msg=audit(Saturday 13 February 2021 A.852:8) : pid=621 uid=root auid=unset ses=unset subj=system_u:system_r:init_t:s0 msg=' comm=systemd-update-utmp exe=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-update-utmp hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success' ---- type=SYSTEM_BOOT msg=audit(Saturday 13 February 2021 A.368:8) : pid=622 uid=root auid=unset ses=unset subj=system_u:system_r:init_t:s0 msg=' comm=systemd-update-utmp exe=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-update-utmp hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'
SYSTEM_BOOT
, , .
$ sudo ausearch -i -m system_boot,system_shutdown | tail -4 ---- type=SYSTEM_BOOT msg=audit(Saturday 13 February 2021 A.852:8) : pid=621 uid=root auid=unset ses=unset subj=system_u:system_r:init_t:s0 msg=' comm=systemd-update-utmp exe=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-update-utmp hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success' ---- type=SYSTEM_BOOT msg=audit(Saturday 13 February 2021 A.368:8) : pid=622 uid=root auid=unset ses=unset subj=system_u:system_r:init_t:s0 msg=' comm=systemd-update-utmp exe=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-update-utmp hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'
systemd
, , . /etc/systemd/journald.conf
, :
$ sudo mkdir /var/log/journal $ sudo systemd-tmpfiles --create --prefix /var/log/journal 2>/dev/null $ sudo systemctl -s SIGUSR1 kill systemd-journald
, .
:
$ journalctl --list-boots
:

, . :
$ journalctl -b {num} n
{num}
, journalctl --list-boots
.

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